Uso terapéutico y efectos cardiovasculares de Cannabis spp. en medicina veterinaria

Therapeutic use and cardiovascular effects of Cannabis spp. in veterinary medicine

Cannabis spp. es una planta de la familia Cannabaceae de la que se conocen efectos terapéuticos desde hace muchos años. Los fitocannabinoides más estudiados son el delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). El sistema endocannabinoide, presente en prácticamente todo el reino Animalia, es un importante mecanismo regulador, principalmente a nivel neurológico e inmunológico. Los principales receptores de los fitocannabinoides son los receptores de cannabinoides tipo 1 (CB1) y los receptores cannabinoides tipo 2 (CB2), y están ampliamente distribuidos en el cuerpo, incluido el sistema cardiovascular. Los cannabinoides tienen efectos cardiovasculares conocidos, pero aún no se han estudiado en animales. Los efectos hemodinámicos de los modelos experimentales son complejos y dependen de las condiciones del estudio. Las principales indicaciones son el control del dolor (principalmente neuropático, derivado de la artrosis y la oncología), la epilepsia idiopática refractaria a los tratamientos convencionales, las enfermedades alérgicas de la piel y los trastornos del comportamiento. Normalmente se utiliza en formulación oleosa, por vía oral, con una dosis ideal individualizada para cada paciente. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo reunir artículos y estudios clínicos sobre el uso de Cannabis spp. en animales y sus posibles efectos cardiovasculares.

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