Neospora caninum: Relación Biológica con Toxoplasma gondii y su Potencial como Zoonosis

Neospora caninum: Biological Relationship with Toxoplasma gondii and its Potential as Zoonosis

Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el potencial zoonótico de Neospora caninum teniendo en cuenta su relación biológica con Toxoplasma gondii. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, utilizando dos bases de datos para la recopilación de la información (Science direct y Scielo), un buscador (Google Scholar) y el Repositorio de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, todos los documentos fueron organizados por medio del gestor bibliográfico Mendeley para su correcta revisión. Se emplearon palabras claves como “Neosporosis”, “Neospora caninum”, “Toxoplasmosis”, “Toxoplasma gondii”, “Neospora humans”, “Neospora human infection”, “Neospora zoonotic”. Se encontraron ocho documentos que cumplían el criterio de evaluar la infección en humanos.  Resultado. Se utilizaron 8 documentos concernientes al tema de Neospora en humanos, donde se evidencia en algunos de estos reportes seropositividad en muestras de humanos, empleando diferentes técnicas serológicas para la detección de anticuerpos anti- N. caninum y anti-T. gondii, pero ninguna buscó la demostración directa del parásito en tejidos (por técnicas moleculares o cultivo). Conclusiones. Ningún estudio permite concluir definitivamente si existe infección en humanos, pues se utilizaron pruebas serológicas que tiene el riesgo de reacciones cruzadas con Toxoplasma gondii, se requieren estudios que demuestren exposición, signos clínicos asociados o patologías relacionadas con esta infección. 

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