Sistematización de la prevalencia de Anaplasma spp., en caninos y metanálisis de A. platys y A. phagocytophilum

Systematization of the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. in canines and meta-analysis of A. platys and A. phagocytophilum

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia general de Anaplasma spp. y la prevalencia específica de A. platys y A. phagocytophilum en caninos, mediante estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2018. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática con 14 estrategias de búsqueda, garantizando exhaustividad y reproducibilidad en fases de la guía PRISMA. Se evaluó la calidad con STROBE. Se calcularon frecuencias y se estimó la prevalencia global y las específicas según país, periodo y prueba diagnóstica, con sus intervalos de confianza del 95%. Se realizó Forest Plot para la prevalencia individual y global de A. platys o A. phagocytophilum según PCR, ELISA e IFI, las cuales se compararon con base en el Estadístico Z. Resultados. Se incluyeron 30 estudios con 18.472 caninos, la mayoría de Brasil, Estados Unidos y Alemania. En IFI se halló una prevalencia de 39.0% (IC95%= 37.0-41.0), en ELISA 9.3% (IC95%= 8.8-9.8) y en PCR 7.1% (IC95%= 6.4-7.8). La prevalencia basada en PCR fue estadísticamente mayor en América con 11.9% (IC95%=10.5-13.3) frente a África con 5.5% (IC95%=1.2-9.7), Asia 4.1% (IC95%=3.1-5.1) y Europa 3.5% (IC95%=2.5-4.5). La prevalencia de A. platys con PCR fue 16.1% (IC95%=14.2-17.9) y de A. phagocytophilum 3.7% (IC95%= 2.8-4.6). Conclusiones. Se halló una elevada prevalencia de infección, con mayor importancia de A. platys, en un bajo número de publicaciones en el ámbito mundial y con una elevada heterogeneidad según el país, la técnica diagnóstica y la especie implicada.

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