Actividad mutagénica y genotóxica del material particulado PM2.5 en Cúcuta, Colombia

Actividad mutagénica y genotóxica del material particulado PM2.5 en Cúcuta, Colombia

RESUMEN

Objetivo. Determinar la actividad mutagénica y genotóxica del material particulado PM2.5, captado cerca de una vía de alto flujo vehicular en Cúcuta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre Enero-Julio de 2011, el PM2.5 fue monitoreado con un equipo Partisol 2025 Plus usando filtros de cuarzo Palmflex. La actividad mutagénica y genotóxica de los extractos del PM2.5 fue determinada usando dos ensayos: el test de Ames y el ensayo cometa. En el ensayo mutagénico se utilizó la cepa TA 100 de Salmonella Typhimurium. Para determinar el daño genotóxico se utilizaron linfocitos de sangre periférica. Resultados. Por primera vez en la región fronteriza de Colombia y Venezuela, se reporta la actividad mutagénica y genotóxica asociada con el PM2.5 de Cúcuta. Los resultados muestran actividad mutagénica en la cepa de Salmonella Typhimurium TA-100 y genotoxicidad en linfocitos humanos de sangre periférica. Conclusiones. En las muestras del material particulado PM2.5 de la ciudad de Cúcuta se encuentran compuestos que inducen mutaciones, así como compuestos que pueden penetrar hasta la célula e inducir daño en su ADN, lo que puede representar un riesgo en la manifestación de enfermedades tales como el cáncer en la población expuesta.

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