Comunicación bidireccional entre el sistema inmune y neuroendocrino a través de la hormona de crecimiento, prolactina y hepcidina

Comunicación bidireccional entre el sistema inmune y neuroendocrino a través de la hormona de crecimiento, prolactina y hepcidina

RESUMEN

Se ha planteado que la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y la Prolactina (PRL) pueden intervenir en procesos infecciosos como inmunomoduladores vía receptores específicos; revelando una conexión entre el sistema inmune y el sistema endocrino en los tejidos, donde actúan como citoquinas a través de diferentes rutas de señalización. Igualmente, la hepcidina (HAMP), hormona producida en los hepatocitos como respuesta al exceso de hierro y a estímulos inflamatorios, es considerada un enlace entre el metabolismo del mineral, la defensa del hospedero y los procesos inflamatorios, debido a su capacidad de privar del hierro a los microorganismos. Se sugiere que en un proceso infeccioso, la síntesis, secreción y regulación de GH ocurre a través de la producción de citoquinas como factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleuquina-1 beta (IL-1β), las cuales actúan en el hipotálamo, estimulando la liberación ya sea de la hormona liberadora de somatotropina o de somatostatina; por otro lado, se ha reportado que células linfoides, incluyendo linfocitos T y B y células dendríticas, producen GH, PRL biológicamente activa con propiedades inmunoreguladoras.

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