Distrofia muscular nutricional en los músculos del muslo de los pollos: análisis patológico de un problema de campo

Nutritional muscular dystrophy in broiler thigh muscles: pathological analysis of a problem in the field

Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo utilizar el método histopatológico para investigar la distrofia muscular nutricional en pollos debido a la carencia de vitamina E. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron muestras de tejido tomadas de 20 polluelos muertos y un total de 28 muestras de sangre tomadas de ocho polluelos enfermos. La cantidad de vitamina E determinada en el análisis de los piensos resultó ser un 5% inferior a la cantidad declarada como presente en la ración. Resultados. La cantidad promedio de α-tocoferol en los sueros sanguíneos arrojó un resultado de 0.285 µg/g. Los niveles plasmáticos de calcio y de fósforo resultaron ser elevados mientras que los de sodio, potasio y magnesio, normales. A nivel histopatológico, se encontró una distrofia muscular nutricional en 18 de 20 polluelos (90%). En el examen histopatológico de las secciones musculares se observaron diversos grados de degeneraciones hialinas, necrosis, mineralización, lipidosis e infiltraciones de células mononucleares. Conclusiones. Se determinó que a medida que aumentaba el contenido de grasa de la ración, los niveles de vitaminas y minerales, en particular de vitamina E, cambiaban dentro del alimento y la salud de los polluelos se deterioraba y provocaba daños histopatológicos en diferentes tejidos de los órganos. El estudio concluye que la industria avícola debe dar importancia a los sistemas de control de piensos para que los polluelos reciban una alimentación adecuada y saludable.

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