Prevalencia de parásitos digestivos de perros del centro de México

Prevalence of digestive parasites of dogs in Central Mexico

Objetivo. Identificar la prevalencia de la infección por parásitos digestivos (PD) y su distribución estacional en perros de Aguascalientes, México. Materiales y métodos. Se examinó una muestra estadísticamente representativa (n=927), seleccionada sistemáticamente (primero de cada 10), de perros vagabundos o entregados voluntariamente por sus propietarios al centro local de control y bienestar animal. Inmediatamente después de la eutanasia legal (preanestesia más sobredosis de anestesia) se extrajo el intestino, se tamizó el contenido y se recogieron los helmintos macroscópicos; una muestra de heces por duplicado se examinó mediante flotación, McMaster y frotis teñido con Lugol. Resultados. La prevalencia global de los PI fue 42.8%; pero fue más alta entre cachorros (60.6%), perros con mala condición corporal (72.7%) y perros vagabundos (57.5%), en comparación con los entregados (37.5%; p < 0.01); además, se encontraron más casos durante las estaciones húmedas (51.0 vs 33.1%; p<0.01). Se estimaron los valores de prevalencia de: Dipylidium caninum (26.2%), Taenia spp. (4.1%), Giardia spp. (13.6%), Cystoisospora spp. (7.8%), Sarcocystis spp. (5.3%); Toxocara canis (14.0%), Ancylostoma caninum (12.9%), Uncinaria stenocephala (4.2%), Toxascaris leonina (0.5%) y Oncicola canis (0.1%). La prevalencia de PD alcanzó cientos de formas adultas en el intestino y miles de huevos u ooquistes por gramo de heces. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indicaron una alta prevalencia y abundancia de PD en perros del centro de México, especialmente en el segmento poblacional constituido por animales vagabundos, jóvenes y de bajo peso, lo cual es relevante por su reconocida capacidad zoonótica.

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