Correlación de biomarcadores de función renal en el primer acercamiento diagnóstico de la enfermedad renal crónica en perros
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Objetivo. Determinar la correlación de los biomarcadores de funcionamiento renal en la primera evaluación en perros con diferentes factores de riesgo identificados para desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de casos y controles de 388 animales, divididos en cinco grupos: grupo control (GC), y cuatro grupos de perros potencialmente enfermos renales (pERC). Se analizaron historia clínica, examen físico, condición corporal (CC), hemograma, perfil bioquímico con dimetilaginina simétrica (SDMA), urianálisis, ratio proteinuria/creatininuria (UPC) y medición de presión arterial sistémica. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica y los datos fueron expresados en medianas y percentiles; para la CC se utilizó Xi2. Para los biomarcadores se realizó correlación de Spearman. Resultados. Para SDMA y la creatinina sérica (CrS) se observó una correlación moderada para pERC (r = 0.69, p ˂ 0.001). Se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables edad (p = 0.002), y CC (p ˂ 0.001) entre el GC y los pERC. Los animales azotemia leve (CrS 125-250 mmol/L) y/o con un valor de SDMA de 18-35 mg/dL, con o sin proteinuria tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de presentar un incremento de SDMA cuando se presentó una CC por debajo de 5/9 (OR = 3.55, p = 0.005). Conclusiones. El SDMA es un biomarcador complementario útil en etapas preazotémicas y en estadios avanzados donde existen caquexia y sarcopenia. Los biomarcadores deben evaluarse en conjunto para tener perspectiva completa de la función renal en los animales con factores de riesgo para desarrollar ERC.
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