Un Bienestar para todos: Asociaciones entre indicadores de bienestar ovino y la salud mental de productores

One Welfare for all: Associations between sheep welfare indicators and producers’ mental health

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio observacional-transversal fue investigar asociaciones entre puntajes de salud mental para estrés, ansiedad, depresión y resiliencia de ovinocultores, e indicadores de bienestar ovino. Materiales y métodos. Se visitaron 22 fincas en Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Tolima y Meta, Colombia. Se evaluó salud clínica, limpieza y tranquilidad de ovejas seleccionadas al azar por finca para identificar número de animales con diferentes problemas de bienestar, como cojeras, sobrecrecimiento de pezuñas, y mastitis. Se realizó una entrevista cara-a-cara con el productor para recopilar información demográfica (tamaño y año de establecimiento del sistema, género, edad, rol y educación) y para completar las escalas-psicométricas para evaluar resiliencia, estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal para evaluar asociaciones entre las puntuaciones de salud mental de los productores, aspectos demográficos y prevalencia de indicadores de bienestar animal. Resultados. Se evaluaron 427 ovejas. Los problemas de bienestar más prevalentes fueron sobrecrecimiento de pezuñas (40,9%) y vellón sucio (32,9%); los menos prevalentes fueron mastitis clínica (1.3%) y problemas respiratorios (1.2%). El nivel de estrés de los productores se asoció positivamente con la prevalencia de ovejas cojas y el tamaño del sistema. La ansiedad se asoció positivamente con la prevalencia de ovejas con vellón sucio, cojeras y con ser una productora mujer. La depresión se asoció positivamente con la prevalencia de sobrecrecimiento de pezuñas. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos mostraron que niveles altos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los productores se asociaron con la presencia de problemas de bienestar animal, fincas más grandes y género.

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