Composición química de intestinos de pollos pre-secados con harinas vegetales: proteína alternativa para la acuicultura

Chemical composition of chicken intestines pre-dried with vegetable meals: alternative protein for aquaculture

Objetivo. Caracterizar la composición química de intestinos de pollos procesados con harinas vegetales (HV), como fuente alternativa de proteína para la acuicultura. Materiales y métodos. Los intestinos de pollos, molidos, cocidos y desgrasados (IPMCD), se mezclaron de forma individual con harinas vegetales (HV): polvo de arroz (PA), salvado de trigo (ST), harinas de palmiste (HPa), maíz (HM) y soya (HS), en proporciones (p:p): 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 y 40:60 (IPMCD:HV), con 20 tratamientos y diseño completamente aleatorizado. Se evaluó materia seca, proteína cruda, lípidos, fibra, cenizas, energía bruta (MJ kg^-1) y costos. Se aplicó análisis de componentes principales (PCA) para verificar la interacción entre proporciones. Resultados. Las mayores proporciones con IPMCD, incrementaron el contenido de proteína y lípidos (p<0.05) y redujeron el costo (p<0.05). Las mezclas con 50:50 y 40:60% (IPMCD:HV) mostraron mayores niveles de fibra y cenizas (p<0.05). Además, el empleó de HS en las mezclas, incrementó el porcentaje de proteína, energía y costos (p<0.05), efecto contrario con HPa que mostró los menores costos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las proporciones de IPMCD:HV alcanzaron altos niveles de materia seca, que facilitó el proceso de deshidratación. El contenido nutricional y costos de las mezclas, las acredita como posibles alimentos acuícolas, para reemplazar la proteína en las dietas, según la especie, fin productivo y requerimientos del mercado. El PCA con matriz de covarianza, sugiere que los tratamientos IPMCD:HS (80:20), IPMCD:HS (70:30) y IPMCD:HS (60:40) tienen mejores características nutricionales, aunque, IPMCD:HPa (80:20) mostró altos niveles de proteína y fue la más económica.

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