Efecto de la ración alimentaria en la acumulación amonio y supervivencia de Dormitator latifrons

Effect of food ration on ammonium accumulation and survival of Dormitator latifrons

Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de la ración alimentaria en la acumulación de nitrógeno amoniacal total y la supervivencia de juveniles de D. latifrons en condiciones experimentales. Materiales y métodos. Se implementó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, sin recambio de agua por 72 h, 10 peces por réplica y tres réplicas por tratamiento, con raciones de alimentación del 2, 4, 6 y 8 % en relación con la biomasa y alimento balanceado para camarón al 35 % proteína. Diariamente se registraron los parámetros de calidad del agua y se contabilizaron los organismos muertos. Resultados. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal total oscilaron entre 1.05 y 7.80 mg*L^-1 y el amonio no ionizado osciló entre 0.33 y 2.27 mg*L^-1. La ración de alimentación al 2 % mostró valores de nitrógeno amoniacal total (5.16 ± 1.70 mg*L^-1) y amonio no ionizado (1.56 ± 0.48 mg*L^-1) significativamente (p < 0.05) mayor al resto de tratamientos; sin embargo, mostró las mayores supervivencias (100 – 56 %). La supervivencia se redujo en todos los tratamientos; las raciones de 6 y 8 % registraron mortalidad desde las 24 h. La DL50 % a las 72 h se estimó con una ración de alimento del 5.54 % con respecto a la biomasa. Conclusiones. Dormitator latifrons resiste concentraciones de amonio no ionizado por encima de 1 mg*L^-1. En cultivos intensivos de D. latifrons se debe emplear una ración alimentaria menor al 4 % respecto a la biomasa, con recambios de agua al menos cada 48 h para evitar mortalidades.

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