Virus del oeste del Nilo: perspectivas en el mundo vertebrado

Virus del oeste del Nilo: perspectivas en el mundo vertebrado

Publicado 2005-07-01

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Peña, J., Berrocal, L., González, M., Ponce, C., Ariza, K., & Máttar, S. (2005). Virus del oeste del Nilo: perspectivas en el mundo vertebrado. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.463
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https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.463
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José Peña
Luís Berrocal
Marco González
César Ponce
Katiuska Ariza
Salim Máttar
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José Peña

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de

Luís Berrocal

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de

Marco González

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de

César Ponce

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Santa Marta, Colombia

Katiuska Ariza

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Seccional Santa Marta, Colombia

Salim Máttar

Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de
El virus del Oeste del Nilo (VON) pertenece a la familia Flaviviridae, género Flavivirus, es transmitido por artrópodos en un ciclo que involucra a mosquitos y aves. Por muchas décadas había sido reconocido en África, Asia y el sur de Europa. El virus apareció por primera vez en Estados Unidos en año de 1999 y se ha documentado su circulación en México, Islas Caimán, Jamaica, República Dominicana, Martinica, Guadalupe, Cuba, Puerto Rico, El Salvador y Colombia. Sólo recientemente fue asociado con un creciente número de brotes de encefalitis en humanos y equinos, además de infecciones en vertebrados de una gran variedad de especies. Muchos animales, incluyendo más de 150 especies de aves y al menos 30 vertebrados de otras especies son susceptibles a la infección por VON. El resultado de las infecciones depende de la especie, la edad del animal, su estado inmune y la patogenicidad de la cepa del virus. La infección ocurre en aves, como passeriformes, pollos jóvenes y gansos domésticos, lo que resulta en altos títulos de viremia que permite la transmisión a los artrópodos. Está menos caracterizado el rol de los vertebrados en la transmisión indirecta, como por órganos contaminados, tejidos o excreciones. La creciente importancia de la infección por VON ha conducido al desarrollo de vacunas veterinarias con virus muertos, atenuados, quiméricos y vacunas de ADN recombinante. En esta revisión se discute en forma general la importancia de infección por VON en vertebrados, su rol en medicina veterinaria y su posible impacto en salud animal por su reciente introducción a Colombia.

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