Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

ABSTRACT

Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior.

RESUMEN

Objetivo. Evaluar la productividad y composición de ácidos grasos en pollos alimentados con dietas adicionadas con harina de semilla de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 80 pollos mixtos de la estirpe Arbor Acres de engorda y se evaluaron los niveles 0, 1, 3 y 5% de harina de semilla de neem añadidos a una dieta comercial. En cada tratamiento se tuvieron 20 unidades experimentales con una duración de cinco semanas. Se registró el consumo y la ganancia de peso, así como la composición de los ácidos grasos de la grasa mediante transesterificación alcalina. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por el procedimiento completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Resultados. La mayor ganancia de peso, consumo y la mejor conversión alimenticia correspondió al tratamiento que contenia 1% de harina de semilla de neem. También propició el aumento en la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados especialmente en el ácido linoleico, (C18:2 omega-6) y en el ácido eicosapentaenoico (C20:5 omega-3), y de manera concomitante se redujo la proporción del ácido palmítico (C16:0). El consumo de alimento disminuyó al adicionar 5% de harina de neem. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la incorporación de 1% de harina de semilla de neem en la dieta de los pollos de engorda modifica la composición de ácidos grasos sin perjudicar su comportamiento productivo.

1. Odunsi AA, Adegbile SA, Akande TO, Olayeni TB. Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Cake in the Diets of Cockerel Chickens. Int J Poult Sci 2009; 8(1):47-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.47.51
3. Cooper SL, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG, Hallett KG, Enser M, Wood JD, K. G. Hallett. Manipulation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of muscle and adipose tissue in lambs. J Anim Sci 2004; 82(5):1461–1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2004.8251461x
5. Girish K, Shankara Bhat S. Neem–A Green Treasure. Electr J Biol 2008; 4(3):102-111.
7. Din JN, Newby DE, Flapan AD. Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease fishing for a natural treatment. BMJ 2004; 328(7430):30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7430.30
9. Kandasamy N, Franklin JF, Goenka N. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease, hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2008; 8(3):121-126.
10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14746514080080030301
12. Ruxton CHS, Reed SC, Simpson MJA, K. Millington, KJ. The health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 2004; 17(5):449-459.
13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2004.00552.x
15. Ogbuewu IP, Odoemenam VU, Obikaonu HO, Opara MN, Emenalom OO, Uchegbu MV, Okoli IC, Esonu BO, Iloeje MU. The growing importance of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in Agriculture, Industry, Medicine and Environment: A review. Res J Med Plant 2011; 5(3):230-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.230.245
17. Uko OJ, Obaro AH, Kamalu TN. Studies on fatty acid composition and comparative response of broilers chicks to diet neem (Azadirachta indica) seed an palm oil. Niger Vet J 2008; 29(2):1-7.
19. A.O.A.C. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 16th Edition 3rd. revision. USA: Gaithersburg; 1997.
21. Ichihara K, Shibahara A, Yamamoto K, Nakayama T. An improved method for rapid analysis of the fatty acids of glycerolipids. Lipids 1996; 31(5):535-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02522648
23. Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS). 1999-2000. SAS/STAT user's Guide: SAS® versión 8.2 USA: SAS Institute Inc. Cary NC; 2000.
25. Uko OJ, Kamalu TN. Protein quality and toxicity of full-fat neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) seed kernel. Arch Zootec 2006; 55(209):51-62.
27. Onyimonyi AE, Olabode, A, Okeke GC. Performance and economic characteristics of broilers fed varying dietary levels of neem leaf meal (Azadirachta indica). Int J Poult Sci 2009; 8(3):256-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.256.259
29. Bonsu FRK, Kagya-Agyemang JK, Kwenin WKJ, Zanu HK. Medicinal Response of broiler chickens to diets containing neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal, haematology and meat sensory analysis. World Appl Sci J 2012; 19(6):800-805.
31. Iheukwumere FC, Ndubisi EC Etusiim PE. The use of different sources of protein on the growth and reproduction of pigs. Pak J Nutr 2008; 7(4):590-593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2008.590.593
33. Fasuyi AO, Aletor VA. Protein Replacement Value of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) in broiler starter: effect on performance, muscle growth, haematology and serum metabolites. Int J Poult Sci 2005; 4(5):339-349.
34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.339.349
36. Cortinas L, Villaverde C, Galobart J, Baucells MD, Codony R, Barroeta AC. Fatty Acid Content in Chicken Thigh and Breast as Affected by Dietary Polyunsaturation Level. Poult Sci 2004; 83(7):1155-1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.7.1155
38. Martínez Y, Valdivié M, Martínez O, Estarrón M, Córdova J. Utilización de la semilla de calabaza (Cucurbita moschata) en dietas para pollos de ceba. Rev Cubana Cienc Agríc 2010; 44(4):393-398.
40. Aroche GR, Rodríguez BR, Valdivié NM, Martínez, AY. Semilla de calabaza en dieta para pollos de ceba. Rev Prod Anim 2011; 23(2):103-108.
42. Salazar-Vega MI, Rosado-Rubio JG, Chel-Guerrero LA, Betancur-Ancona DA, Castellanos-Ruelas AF. Composición en ácido graso alfa linolénico (w3) en huevo y carne de aves empleando chia (Salvia hispánica L.) en el alimento. Interciencia 2009; 34(3):209-213.