Genotipificación de variantes del virus de bronquitis infecciosa aviar en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia

Genotyping of news variants of the avian infectious bronchitis virus from Tolima department, Colombia

RESUMEN

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los diferentes genotipos del virus de bronquitis infecciosa (VBI) presente en granjas avícolas comerciales de diferentes localidades del departamento de Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 105 muestras de hisopados traqueales provenientes de aves de 21 granjas. Las aves habían sido vacunadas contra el VBI. Se realizó un “screen” para identificar muestras positivas y posteriormente la secuenciación de la región parcial de la subunidad S1 y el análisis filogenético de los aislamientos con las cepas de referencia, incluidas las vacunas utilizadas actualmente en el país. Resultados. Aves de todas las granjas tenían signos respiratorios, pero sólo cuatro granjas confirmaron la enfermedad. Las muestras positivas de VBI (HT6,HT9, HT10 y HT11) fueron patogénicas para embriones de 9 días de edad. La muestra HT6 se agrupó en el mismo clúster que las cepas de la vacuna Massachusetts. Las muestras HT9 y HT11 mostraron 99% de similitud y agrupan genéticamente distantes de las cepas de referencia y de los aislados. El HT10 mostró baja similitud con aislamientos y cepas de referencia, agrupándose separadamente en otro clúster. Conclusiones. Nuevos genotipos circulan en el departamento del Tolima, donde hay un riesgo de recombinación genética. Se estima que las vacunas utilizadas no están ofreciendo una protección cruzada contra los nuevos genotipos.

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