Diagnosis of contagious ecthyma in goats in a quarantine station in Panama

Diagnosis of contagious ecthyma in goats in a quarantine station in Panama

ABSTRACT

We report an outbreak of contagious ecthyma (CE) in a herd of goats at Paso Canoas quarantine station, Panama. The goats were adult intact females. Visible clinical signs became apparent from day 13 after the start of quarantine. We performed clinical examination. Serum biopsy and scabs were collected from crusted lesions in the epithelium of the lips, nose and eyelid corners. Samples were studied by histopathology,complement fixation test, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DAS-ELISA, viral isolationand nucleic acid amplification tests. Histopathology revealed ortho and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, epithelial hyperplasia, viral inclusion bodies, keratinocytes with balonoid degeneration, vesicles with neutrophils and degenerated cells, in superficial dermis there is marked neovascularization. Complement fixation test, DAS-ELISA and nucleic acid amplification tests resulted positive for contagious ecthyma. TEM showed viral particles, consistent with Parapoxvirus. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with poxvirus infection in the quarantine goat herd

1. Nandi S, De U, Chowdhury S. Current status of contagious ecthyma or orf disease in goats and sheeps-a global perspective. Small Rumin Res 2011; 96:73-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.11.018
3. Cea M, Reyes E, Bravo A, Rojas R. Estandarización de una técnica molecular para el diagnóstico de virus orf útil en la ganadería ovina. Ciencia y trabajo 2008; 28:39-46.
5. Wet C, Murie W. Lamb pays lip services: two cases of ecthyma contagiosum (Orf). Scott Med J 2011; 56(1):1-4.
7. De La Concha-Bermejillo A, Guo J, Zhang Z, Waldron D. Severe persistent orf in Young goats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2003; 15(5):423-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500504
9. Gallina L, Scagliarini A. Virucidal efficacy of common disinfectants against orf virus. Vet Rec 2010; 166(23):725-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c3001
11. Musser J, Taylor C, Guo J, Tizard I, Walker J. Development of a contagious ecthyma vaccine for goats. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69(10):1367-1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.69.10.1366
13. Hosamani M, Scagliarini A, Bhanuprakash V, McInnes C, Singh R. Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7(7):879-893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.09.64
15. Hosie B. Orf: reasons to take an interest in control. Vet Rec 2012; 170:671-672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e4335
17. Lovatt F, Barker W, Brown D, Spooner R. Case-control study of orf in preweaned lambs and an assessment of the financial impact of the disease. Vet Rec 2012; 170(26):673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.100646
19. Sargison N, Scott P, Rhind S. Unusual outbreak of orf affecting the body of sheep associated with plunge dipping. Vet Rec 2007; 160:472-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.11.372
21. Devi B, A.R. S, Parameaswari P, Parijathan B. Domestic microwave versus conventional tissue processing: a quantitative and qualitative analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(5):835-839. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/5630.2953
23. Kottaridi C, Nomikuo K, Lelli R, Markoulatos P, Mangana O. Laboratory diagnosis of contagious ecthyma: comparison of different PCR protocols with virus isolation in cell culture. J. Virol. Methods 2006; 134(1-2):119-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.12.005