Identificación molecular de hemoparásitos transmitidos por garrapatas en equinos del Noroeste de Colombia

Molecular identification of tick-borne hemoparasites in equines from Northwestern Colombia

Objetivo. Detectar e identificar agentes de la familia Anaplasmataceae y piroplasmas en equinos colombianos que llegan a la planta de beneficio La Rinconada ubicada en el municipio de Rionegro, Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante parte del 2015 a equinos seleccionados por conveniencia. Se recopiló información tal como especie, sexo, edad y localidad de procedencia. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para extracción de ADN, y se amplificó un fragmento de 360pb del gen 16S ribosomal de Anaplasmataceae y un fragmento de 450 pb del gen 18S ribosomal de piroplasmas para detección de hemoparásitos. Amplicones de PCR fueron sometidos a secuenciación para identificación de los hemoparásitos a través de análisis genético. Resultados. Se analizaron 135 equinos provenientes de los departamentos de Antioquia, Córdoba y Sucre. Un 78% eran caballos, un 16% eran asnos y un 6% eran mulas. El 100% de los animales fueron negativos para agentes de la familia Anaplasmataceae y un 13% fueron positivos para piroplasmas. Se identificó por secuenciación la circulación de Theileria equi en la zona norte de Colombia. Conclusión. Se presenta la primera evidencia molecular de al menos tres genotipos de T. equi infectando equinos del norte del país.

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