Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp. portadoras de mcr-1 en planta de beneficio porcino, Medellín (Colombia)

Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp. portadoras de mcr-1 en planta de beneficio porcino, Medellín (Colombia)

Objetivo. Evaluar la resistencia adquirida a colistina mediada por el gen mcr-1 en aislados de E. coli y Salmonella spp., de muestras de materia fecal de porcinos con destino a consumo humano en planta de beneficio animal de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tomando 190 muestras de materia fecal de porcinos durante marzo del 2020. Para la tamización de enterobacterias resistentes a colistina se utilizó agar cromogénico y MacConkey suplementado con sulfato de colistina (2 mg/l). Los aislados fueron analizados mediante PCR para identificar el gen mcr-1, identificación bacteriana y perfil de susceptibilidad antibiótica a los aislados positivos al gen mcr-1 por el sistema automatizado Microscan®. La información fue registrada y analizada mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados. La frecuencia de porcinos con aislados resistentes a colistina en la tamización fue del 70.52% (134/190). El 15.78% (30/190) portadores del gen mcr-1 de los cuales el 1.05% (2/190) pertenecieron a la especie Salmonella enterica y el 4.21% (8/190) E. coli. Se identificó en los aislados positivos al gen mcr-1 la capacidad de resistir la acción de múltiples antibióticos (10/10), y una E. coli con la habilidad de producir betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). La mayoría de los cerdos con enterobacterias portadoras del gen mcr-1 provenían de granjas del departamento de Antioquia, y todos en etapa de levante y ceba. Conclusiones. Este estudio evidencia la circulación del gen mcr-1 en cerdos al sacrificio, representando un riesgo potencial para la salud pública por su posible entrada a la cadena alimentaria.

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