Evaluación molecular de la presencia del virus de influenza A en cerdos en plantas de beneficio en Colombia

Molecular evaluation of influenza A virus in swine at slaughterhouses in Colombia

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia del virus de influenza A y evaluar el efecto que tuvo el surgimiento y diseminación del virus H1N1 pandémico de 2009 sobre las cepas endémicas que circulan en la población de cerdos de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 369 muestras de tejido pulmonar de cerdos clínicamente sanos en plantas de beneficio de 11 regiones geográficas de Colombia, que fueron analizadas mediante qRT-PCR para la detección de virus de influenza A. Se seleccionaron muestras positivas para el aislamiento en huevos de embrión de pollo SPF, y la presencia del virus fue confirmada con ensayos de hemaglutinación y RT-PCR. Resultados. Se demostró la circulación del virus de influenza A en cinco de las 11 regiones geográficas analizadas y se logró el aislamiento de cinco cepas de campo a partir de muestras provenientes de dos de estas regiones. Conclusiones. Fue posible comprobar que el análisis de muestras obtenidas en plantas de beneficio constituye una alternativa valiosa para el estudio y caracterización de los virus de influenza en cerdos, al permitir cobertura de un mayor número de individuos, haciendo posible la detección molecular y el aislamiento de cepas de campo, aspectos fundamentales para establecer el surgimiento de cepas con potencial pandémico y/o epidémico en el territorio nacional.

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