Leishmania en piel de Rattus rattus de zona urbana de la Ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina

Leishmania in skin of Rattus rattus from the urban area in the Corrientes city, Argentina

Objetivo: detectar Leishmania sp. en piel de cola de Rattus rattus a través de técnicas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Material y Método: Se analizaron 45 muestras de piel de Rattus rattus del área urbana de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina.  La detección de Leishmania sp se realizó mediante técnicas de PCR anidada. Resultados: En la primera ronda de amplificación se detectó ADN de Leishmania en 22 muestras de 45 procesadas (49%) y en 14 muestras en la segunda ronda (31%).  Conclusiones: Estos resultados contribuyen a aumentar la información existente en nuestra región sobre la posible relación entre Leishmania y Rattus rattus, teniendo en cuenta la alta prevalencia encontrada en piel sumado a la total ausencia de lesiones. Otros aspectos deberán seguir estudiándose para establecer el rol de estos animales en la cadena epidemiológica de la enfermedad en una zona urbana endémica a leishmaniasis en otras especies animales.

1. Germano M, Salomón M, Neira G, Lozano E, Mackern Oberti J, Cargnelutti D. Leishmaniasis in the Argentine Republic: Temporal and geographical distribution from 2013 to 2017. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2019; 12(7):300-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.262073
2. Roque A, Jansen A. Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2014; 3(3):251-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.08.004
3. Caldart E, Freire R, Ferreira F, Ruffolo B, Sbeghen M, Mareze M, et al. Leishmania in synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus): new evidence for the urbanization of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2017; 26(1):17-27. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612017001
4. McFarlane R, Sleigh A, McMichael T. Synanthropy of wild mammals as a determinant of emerging infectious diseases in the Asian–Australasian region. EcoHealth. 2012; 9:24-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0763-9
5. Faust C, Dobson A, Gottdenker N, Bloomfield L, McCallum H, Gillespie T, et al. Null expectations for disease dynamics in shrinking habitat: dilution or amplification? Phil Trans R Soc B. 2017; 372(1722):20160173. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0173
6. Ruiz R, Bastiani C, De Biasio M, Alegre E, Ramírez N. Detección de Leishmania sp. en Rattus rattus de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. Arch Med Vet. 2015; 47(3):401-407. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2015000300020
7. Fernández M, Fraschina J, Acardi S, Liotta D, Lestani E, Giuliani M, et al. Assessment of the role of small mammals in the transmission cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis and first report of natural infection with Leishmania braziliensis in two sigmodontines in northeastern Argentina. Parasitology Research. 2018; 117(2):405-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5714-5
8. Corps B. The effect of graft thickness, donor site and graft-bed on graft shrinkaie in the hooded rat. Br J Plast Surg. 1969; 22:125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(69)80053-6
9. Alegre E, De Biasio M, Ramirez N, Ruiz R, Bastiani C. Detección y diferenciación molecular de Leptospiras sp. utilizando diferentes técnicas de extracción de ADN. Rev Vet. 2013; 24(1):53-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/vet.2411151
10. Marcelino A, Ferreira E, Avendanha J, Costa C, Chiarelli D, Almeida G, et al. Molecular detection of Leishmania braziliensis in Rattus norvegicus in an area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology. 2011; 183(1-2):54-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.019
11. Akhavan A, Mirhendi H, Khamesipour A, Alimohammadian M, Rassi Y, Bates P, et al. Leishmania species: detection and identification by nested PCR assay from skin samples of rodent reservoirs. Exp Parasitol. 2010; 126:552–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.003
12. de Castro Ferreira E, Cruz I, Cañavate C, de Melo L, Pereira A, Madeira F, et al. Mixed infection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis in rodents from endemic urban area of the New World. BMC Vet Res. 2015; 11(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0392-y
13. Quaresma P, Rêgo F, Botelho H, Silva S, Moura A Jr, Teixeira R. Wild, synanthropic and domestic hosts of Leishmania in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011; 105(10):579-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.07.005
14. Parhizkari M, Motazedian M, Asgari Q, Mehrabani D. The PCR-based detection of Leishmania major in Mus musculus and other rodents caught in Southern Iran: A guide to sample selection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2011; 105:319–323. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485911X12987676649827
15. Pereira A, Ferreira E, Lima A, Tonelli G, Rêgo F, Paglia A, et al. Detection of Leishmania spp in silvatic mammals and isolation of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from Rattus rattus in an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11):e0187704. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187704
16. Lima B, Dantas-Torres F, Carvalho M, Marinho-Junior J, Almeida E, Brito M. Small mammals as hosts of Leishmania spp. in a highly endemic area for zoonotic leishmaniasis in north-eastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2013; 107(9):592-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trt062
17. de Oliveira Lara-Silva F, Andrade Barata R, Monteiro Michalsky E, de Castro Ferreira E, Garcia Lopes M, da Costa Pinheiro A, et al. Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) Infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn. Le. chagasi) in Brazil. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 1-7.
18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/592986
19. Andrade M, Courtenay O, Brito M, Carvalho F, Carvalho A, Soares F, et al. Infectiousness of Sylvatic and Synanthropic Small Rodents Implicates a Multi-host Reservoir of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015. 9(10):e0004137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004137