Determinación del número mínimo de animales al comparar las medias de tratamiento mediante análisis de potencia

Determination of minimum number of animals in comparing treatment means by power analysis

Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el número mínimo de animales (tamaño mínimo de la muestra) en comparaciones de tratamientos con diferentes tamaños de efecto (0.25-2.0), el número de tratamientos (2-7) y la potencia de la prueba (80- 95%). Además, se desarrollaron ecuaciones de regresión lineal, cuadrática y cúbica que estiman el tamaño mínimo de muestra que debe usarse en las comparaciones de tratamientos. Materiales y métodos. Dentro del alcance de esta investigación, se utilizó la ganancia media diaria (GMD) de los experimentos con ganado de engorde a corral realizados en la Universidad Estatal de Iowa con un total de 1283 novillos. La potencia de la prueba se calculó después de que se tomaron muestras aleatorias de los datos de GMD y se establecieron las diferencias entre los tratamientos en términos de desviación estándar. Este proceso se repitió 1000 veces mediante una macro escrita en el programa del paquete de Minitab en la cantidad de tratamientos y niveles de potencia a comparar. Resultados. Se encontró que las ecuaciones de regresión cúbica dieron resultados más fiables que las demás. Como resultado, después de determinar el número de tratamientos, la potencia de la prueba y el tamaño del efecto, se puede determinar fácilmente un número suficiente de unidades experimentales utilizando las ecuaciones de estimación creadas sin análisis de potencia. Conclusiones. De esta manera, se pueden prevenir los gastos excesivos de dinero y las pérdidas financieras en estudios científicos y se puede brindar la oportunidad de encontrar financiamiento más fácilmente.

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