Hallazgos histopatológicos en nematodos Anisakidae, expuestos a extractos acuosos vegetales con capacidad nematicida in vitro

Histopathological findings in Anisakidae nematodes exposed to aqueous plant extracts with nematicidal capacity in vitro

Objetivo. Exponer nematodos de la familia Anisakidae a diferentes extractos acuosos y, identificar los extractos acuosos con capacidad nematicida. Material y métodos. Se identificaron las concentraciones de los compuestos bioactivos de los extractos acuosos de epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), cebolla (Allium cepa), siempre viva (Kalanchoe pinnata) y xoconostle (Opuntia oligacantha). Se obtuvieron parásitos vivos de la familia Anisakidae de peces Lisa (Mugilidae), para ser expuestos a diferentes concentraciones de extractos acuosos. Resultados. K. pinnata y O. oligocantha presentaron mayor cantidad de componentes bioactivos de polifenoles, flavonoides y taninos; así como en la actividad antioxidante de DPPH y ABTS. La mortalidad de los parásitos ocurrió en la concentración de 855 mg/mL para K. pinnata del 100% a las 48 horas; y en pulpa y fruto entero de O. oligacantha, con mortalidades del 66% a las 72 horas. Los principales cambios histopatológicos causados ​​por K. pinnata fueron vacuolas musculares; el fruto entero de O. oligocantha degeneración del epitelio intestinal y vacuolización; la semilla provocó edema, degeneración intestinal y vacuolización. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, el uso de extractos acuosos de K. pinnata y O. oligacantha sobre nematodos de la familia Anisakidae, son una opción para su uso como agentes nematicidas.

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