Bentonita como adsorbente de arsénico y plomo en el tracto digestivo de bovinos: estudio in vitro

Bentonite as an arsenic and lead adsorbent in the bovine digestive tract: an in vitro study

Objetivo. Determinar la dosis recomendable de bentonita como quelante de arsénico (As) y plomo (Pb) en el medio ruminal, abomasal y duodenal mediante un sistema in vitro, considerando las variables de fermentación ruminal y el efecto adsorbente de As y Pb. Materiales y Métodos. Se prepararon viales con 50 mL de medio anaerobio y 0.5 g de alfalfa como sustrato. Los medios se adicionaron con 1.01 y 1.95 ppm de As y Pb, respectivamente. Los tratamientos consistieron en el nivel de bentonita (B) adicionada al medio, B-0%, B-1.5%, B-3.0% y B-4.5%. Los medios se incubaron durante 24 h y se midió el pH, producción de AGV, N-NH₃, degradabilidad in vitro de MS (DIVMS) y efecto quelante de la bentonita, simulando las condiciones del rumen, abomaso y duodeno. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar y contrastes ortogonales. Resultados. La bentonita no modificó el pH ni la proporción molar de AGV (p>0.05), pero la producción total de AGV presentó un efecto lineal negativo al aumentar el nivel del mineral.  Asimismo, el N-NH₃ disminuyó (p<0.05) al adicionar bentonita. La DIVMS fue menor con B-3.0% y B-4.5% (52.36^b y 49.74^b%) en comparación con B-0% y B-1.5% (62.30^a, 61.98^ª). La inclusión de B-1.5% y B-4.5% mejoró (p<0.05) la adsorción de As y Pb en el medio ruminal, abomasal y duodenal. Conclusiones. La proporción de bentonita recomendable como quelante de As y Pb es de 1.5%, ya que la dosis de 4.5% afectan la DIVMS y por consiguiente, la productividad animal.

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