Effluent treatment: a way to a responsible aquaculture

Tratamiento de efluentes: una vía para la acuicultura responsable

The aquaculture in ponds has a great importance in the countries like Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela,

among other, where the production data show a panorama of quick growth. The fish culture has enormous potential due to the good conditions of our countries as for hydrology, topography and edafology, and for the wealth in fishes with qualities for cultivation. The fish culture is an autochthonous and advantageous agricultural activity. To work with own natural resouorces allow competitive advantages, minimizing costs, and reducing necessities to import resouces and technology, among others. We observe that other agricultural activities are sustained in imported and adapted species to the most adverse conditions, as example, the european livestock, the chinese rice, etc. However, it should be recognized that to develop production technologies forces to consider environmental aspects that guarantee their permanency in the time, with social, economic benefits, etc. The fish culture like any activity generates impact, because it is developed in artificial ecosystems different to the natural ones, and affecting the waters resources for the quantity of effluent rich in organic matter. This article presents a revision of the activity, the different types of generated impacts and some biological alternatives for the effluent treatment, looking for tools to reach a responsible aquaculture.

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