Management of the first food of bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae)

Manejo de la primera alimentación del bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae)

In the Centro de Investigación Piscícola de la Universidad de Córdoba were two experiments. In the first experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different preys to first feeding on bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) larviculture. The onset feeding bocachico post-larvae stocked into aquarium at density 50/L, were fed at 5 Prey/mL during five days: Artemia nauplii (NA), descapsulated Artemia cysts (CA), wild zooplankton of 125 to 160 mm (Z125-160) and zooplankton of 250 to 400 mm (Z250-400). In addition, a group post-larvae was subjected to starvation. Bocachico post-larvae fed NA (2.0±1.8 mg, 1.8±0.9 mm) and Z250-400 (2.0±1.1 mg, 1.6±0.5 mm) were that offered better results for weight and total length gain (p<0.05). Item prey NA (73.2±10.7%) was that offered better result survival rate (P<0.05). The low survival rate of post-larvae bocachico fed Z250-400 (49. 9±23. 8%) can be explained to the mortality caused to presence of predator copepods (Termocyclops decipiens and Mesoscyclops aspericornis) in the offered wild zooplankton. The low growth of bocachico post-larvae fed with Z125-160 (0. 8±0. 4 mg, 1. 1±0. 2 mm) and CA (0. 5±0. 9 mg, 0. 7±0. 5 mm) can be explained because item Z125-160 was small for the oral opening (671±12. 8 mm) and therefore inefficient in the energy balance; while item CA behaved as an inert food that did not stimulate their consumption. In the second experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different periods of first feeding on growth and survival of post-larval bocachico during different periods (1, 3, 5 and 7 days) of first feeding. No differences were noted in the survival among first feeding periods (P>0.05). The post-larvae fed during 7 days presented higher weight gain (5.3±3.8 mg) and length gain (2.8±1.6 mm) than other experimental groups (P<0.05). The weight gain did not differ among the post-larvae fed between 3 and 5 days (P>0.05). The specific growth rates were not significantly different between experimental groups (P>0.05). Survival rates of post-larvae fed during 3, 5 and 7 days were higher when them were subjected to stress resistance test. In contrast, the survival of postlarvae fed by one day was significantly lower (87±1%) to stress resistance test (P<0.05). The results of the study suggest that the nauplii of Artemia or the wild zooplankton range 250 and 400 μm, free predators copepods, it is adecuated prey items for the handling of the first feeding of the bocachico at least during 3 days before to be stocked in fertilised nursery ponds.

1. Atencio-García V, Zaniboni-Filho E, Pardo-Carrasco S y Arias-Castellanos A. Influência da primeira alimentação na larvicultura e alevinagem do yamú Brycon siebenthalae. Acta Sientarium. 2003
3. Atencio-García V. Producción de alevinos de peces migratorios continentales en Colombia. En: 2° Congreso Iberoamericano Virtual de Acuacultura (CIVA). 2003; www.civa2003.org. P.263-270 (medio magnético, CD).
5. Atencio–García V. Impactos de la Hidroeléctrica Urrá en los peces migratorios del río Sinú. Temas Agrarios, 2000; 9: 29-40.
7. Barreto C. y Mosquera B. Boletín Estadístico Pesquero Colombiano. Bogotá: 2001; INPA.
9. Behr E, Furuya W, Furuya V. y Hayashi C. Efeito da densidade do copépode ciclopóide Mesocyclops longisetus na predação de larvas de pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Bol Inst Pesca São Paulo, 1997; 24 (especial):261-266.
11. Blaxter J. Light intensity, vision, and feeding in young plaice. J. Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1968; 2: 293-307.
12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(68)90021-X
14. Donoso-Sarmiento J, Guio-Duque A. y Blanco- Racedo J. Tama-o de la partícula ingerida y relación con la longitud total de post-larvas de bocachico ( Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner 1878) (PISCES: CHARACIFORMES: PROCHILODONTIDAE) cultivadas en estanques de la Estación Piscícola de Repelón. Boletín Científico INPA, 1997; 5: 53–73.
16. Gaviria S. Los copépodos (Arthropoda, Crustacea) de vida libre de las aguas continentales de Colombia. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc Exact Fís Nat 1994; 19 (Separata 73): 61–385.
18. Geiger G. 1990. Pond fertization and zooplankton management. In: Harvey B and Carolsfeld J. (eds.) Workshop on larval rearing of finfish. Pirassununga, 1989; CIDA/CASAFA/ICSU. p. 93 - 110.
20. Gisbert E. & Williot P. Larval behaviour and effect of the timing of initial feeding on growth and survival of Siberian sturgeon ( Ancinpenser baeri ) larvae under small scale hatchery production. Aquaculture 1997; 156: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00086-0
22. Hunter J. The feeding and ecology of marine fish larvae. In: Bardach JE, Magnuson JJ, May RC, Reinhart JM (Eds). Fish behaviour and its use in the capture and culture of fishes. ICLARM Conf. Proc. Manila, 1980; Philippines. p. 287-330.
24. Mojica JI, Castellanos C, Usma S y Alvarez R. (Eds). Libro rojo de peces dulceacuícolas de Colombia. 2002. (Serie Libros Rojos de Especies Amenazadas de Colombia). Bogota: Univ. Nal. de Colombia.
26. Roldan G. Manual de limnología. 1989; Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia.
28. Shirota A. Studies on the mouth size of fish larvae. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish. 1970; 36: 353-368. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.36.353
30. Solano JM. Reproducción inducida del bocachico Prochilodus reticulatus Trabajo de grado Biología Marina. 1973; Bogotá: Univ. Jorge Tadeo Lozano.
32. Statistical Analises System Institute (SAS). 1994; User's