Ambiente receptivo uterino: control materno, control embrionario, muerte embrionaria

Ambiente receptivo uterino: control materno, control embrionario, muerte embrionaria

Published 2010-01-01

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Gonella, Ángela, Grajales, H., & Hernández, A. (2010). Ambiente receptivo uterino: control materno, control embrionario, muerte embrionaria. Journal MVZ Cordoba, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.335
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https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.335
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Ángela Gonella
Henry Grajales
Aureliano Hernández
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El ambiente receptivo en el útero, o ambiente embriotrófico, se define como la capacidad del organismo materno para hospedar el conceptus exitosamente. La receptividad uterina depende de la correcta sincronía del eje conceptus - cuerpo lúteo - endometrio y está controlada por dos mecanismos. El primero depende de la madre y se establece a través de las relaciones entre los estrógenos (E2) y la Progesterona (P4). El segundo es mediado por el trofoblasto que secreta interferón Tau (INFt). Los estrógenos se sintetizan en las células foliculares y determinan los cambios fisicoquímicos, morfológicos y del comportamiento expresadas por la hembra durante el celo. La P4 es sintetizada por el cuerpo lúteo (CL), y promueve, entre otros, cambios a nivel endometrial para la manutención de la gestación. Cuando la fertilización y desarrollo embrionario son exitosos, el INFt ejerce su efecto luteotrópico entre los días 15 y 19 de la gestación, desencadenando el proceso de reconocimiento materno para evitar la regresión luteal y asegurar la sobrevivencia del embrión. Además, el INFt estimula al organismo materno para producir un microambiente que le provea al embrión condiciones nutricionales, inmunológicas y fisiológicas óptimas para su desarrollo. La presente revisión pretende contextualizar cuales son los cambios que sufre el endometrio para proveer las condiciones necesarias permitiendo que el embrión se desarrolle correctamente y se establezca una gestación.

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