Factores ambientales asociados con los días no-productivos de cerdas en el trópico mexicano

Environmental factors associated with lifetime non-productive days of sows in Southeastern Mexico

Objectives. To estimate the lifetime non-productive days (NPD), lifetime proportion of NPD (%NPD) and non-productive days per sow per year (NPD/Y), and to determine the effect of herd and sow level factors on the traits here studied in three pig farms in the Mexican tropics. Materials and methods. Data from 6703 sows from three commercial farms were used. The model that described the traits studied comprise the fixed effects of farm, year and season of first farrowing, age at first parity, reasons of removal of sows, year x season interaction and the residual error. Results. The means for lifetime NPD, %NPD and NPD/Y were 64 days, 12.0% and 39.3 days, respectively. All fixed factors had significant effects (p<0.01) on the characteristics evaluated. Sows having their first parity at an old age and sows culled because of reproductive reasons had the highest lifetime NPD. In addition, sows culled at first parity had lower lifetime NPD and higher %NPD than sows culled in subsequent farrowing. Conclusions. The early culling of sows increased the percentage of non-productive days, which in turn is expected to reduce the profit of farms.

1. Lucia Jr. T, Dial G, Marsh WE. Lifetime reproductive and financial performance of female swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000; 216:1802-1809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.1802
2. Lucia Jr. T, Dial G, Marsh WE. Lifetime reproductive performance in female pigs having distinct reasons for removal. Livest Prod Sci. 2000; 63:213-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00142-6
3. Babot D, Chavez ER, Noguera J. The effect of age at first mating and herd size on the lifetime productivity of sows. Anim Res. 2003; 52:49-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2003001
4. Sasaki Y, Takemura Y, Koketsu Y. An assessment of four components of sow lifetime nonproductive days and lifetime performance on high-, intermediate- and low-performance commercial breeding farms. J Vet Epidemiol. 2012; 16:135-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2743/jve.16.135
5. Sasaki Y, Tokunaga T, Uemura R, Sueyoshi M. An assessment of reproductive and lifetime performance of Kgoshima Berkshire gilts and sows. Anim Sci J. 2014; 85:213-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12140
6. Ulguim R, Bianchi I, Lucia JrT. Female lifetime productivity in a swine integration system using segregated gilt development units. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014; 46: 697-700. h ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0546-0
7. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Anuario Estadístico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos 2010. Aguascalientes, Ags: INEGI; 2010.
8. SAS. Statistical Analysis Software, SAS/STAT, Versión 9.3 edition. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 2011.
9. Segura-Correa J, Ek-Mex J E, Alzina-López A, Magaña-Monforte J, Sarmiento-Franco L, Santos-Ricalde R. Length of productive life of sows in four pig farms in the tropics of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011; 43:1191-1194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9824-2
10. Tummaruk P, Tantasuparuk W, Techakumphu M, Kunavongkrit A. Influence of repeat-service and weaning-to-first-service interval on farrowing proportion of gilts and sows. Prev Vet Med. 2010; 96:194-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.06.003
11. Segura-Correa J, Herrera-Camacho J, Pérez-Sanchez R, Gutiérrez-Vazquez E. Breed and environmental factors of sows and their repeatabilities in central Mexico. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu. 2015; 28(1):13-21. URL Available in: http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/rccp/article/view/324908
12. Soltesz A, Balogh B. Investigation of lifetime performance in Dutch Large White × Dutch Landrace crossbred sows. Scientific Papers: Anim Sci and Biotech. 2013; 46:72-81. URL Available in: https://spasb.ro/index.php/spasb/article/view/191/43
13. Saito H, Sasaki Y, Koketsu Y. Associations between age of gilts at first mating and lifetime performance or culling risk in commercial herds. J Vet Med Sci. 2011; 73(5):555-559. URL Available in: https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.10-0040
14. Schenkel AC, Bernardi ML, Bortolozzo, Wentz I. Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size. Livest Sci. 2010; 132(1-3):165–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.002
15. Sasaki Y, Koketsu Y. Reproductive profile and lifetime efficiency of female pigs by culling reason in high-performing commercial breeding herds. J Swine Health Prod. 2011; 19(5):284-291. URL available in: https://www.aasv.org/shap/issues/v19n5/v19n5p284.pdf
16. Segura-Correa JC, Ek-Mex E, Alzina-López A, Segura-Correa VM. Frequency of removal reasons of sows in Southeastern Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011; 43(8):1583-1588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9847-8