Papillomavirus type 2 in an equine sarcoid in Costa Rica

Papilomavirus bovino tipo 2 en un sarcoide equino en Costa Rica

Objective. To identify by molecular techniques the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in an equine sarcoid, and to carry out its histological characterization. Materials and methods. Using a sarcoid lesion from a Pinto Americano mare, nucleic acid extraction and identification by molecular techniques was performed. A partial region of the gene corresponding to the L1 segment of papillomavirus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, then it was sequenced and analyzed using BLAST algorithm. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the tissue was performed and analyzed under a 100X light microscope. Results. BPV-2 was detected in the equine sarcoid lesion, and the lesion was classified as nodular according to its morphological and histological characteristics. Histopathology showed a fibrotic lesion, with exophytic neoplasia and expansion of the spinous layer. Conclusions. The study established for first time the presence of BPV-2 in an equine sarcoid in Costa Rica using molecular techniques and its association with a nodular-type sarcoid.

1. Wobecer BK, Davies JL, Hill JE, Jackson ML, Kidney BA, Mayer MN, Townsend HG, Allen AL. Epidemiology of equine sarcoide in horses in western Canada. Can Vet J. 2010; 51(10):1103-1108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21197201/
2. Bogaert L, Martens A, De Baere C, Gasthuys F. Detection of bovine paillomavirus DNA on the normal skin and in the habitual surroundings of horses with and withou equine sarcoids. Res Vet Sci. 2005; 79(3):253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.12.003
3. Bogaert L, Van Poucke M, De Baere C, Dewulf J, Peelman L, Ducatelle R, Gasthuys F, Martens A. Bovine papillomavirus load and mRNA expression, cell proliferation and p53 expression in four clinical type of equine sarcoide. J Gen Virol. 2007; 88(Pt 8):2155-2161. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82876-0
4. Chambers G, Ellsmore VA, O´Brien M, Reid SW, Love S, Campo MS, Nasir L. Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoide. J Gen Virol. 2003; 84(5):1055-1062. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.18947-0
5. Knottenbelt DC. A Suggested Clinical Classification for the equine sarcoide. Clin Tech Equine Pract. 2005; 4(4):278-295. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.008
6. Wobeser BK. Making the Diagnosis: Equine Sarcoid. Vet Pathol. 2017; 54(1):9-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985816664793
7. Lunardi M, Kussumoto B, Arellano RA, Borges W, Fernandes A, Alcindo A. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 13 DNA in Equine Sarcoids. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51(7):2167-2171. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00371-13
8. de Alcântara BK, Alfieri AA, Headley SA, Rodrigues WB, Otonel R, Lunardi M, Alfieri AF. Molecular characterization of bovine Deltapapillomavirus (BPV1, 2, and 13) DNA in equine sarcoids. Pesq Vet Bras. 2015; 35(4):431-436. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500007
9. Vindas R, Villagra R, Vargas J, Jiménez C, Marín R, Rodríguez H, Estrada M. Tratamiento de sarcoide equino: Reporte de cuatro casos clínicos. Rev Ciencias Veterinarias. 2015; 31(2):59-68. https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/veterinaria/article/view/6863/7035
10. Araldi RP, Carvalho RF, Melo TC, Diniz NS, Sant´Ana TA, Mazzuchelli-de-Souza J, Spadacci-Morena DD, Beçak W, Stocco RC. Bovine papillomavirus in beef cattle: first description of BPV-12 and putative type BAPV8 in Brazil. Genet Mol Res. 2014; 13(3):5644-5653. https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.July.25.20
11. Roperto S, Brun R, Paolini f, Urrro C, Russo V, Borzacchiello G, Pagnini U, Raso C, Rizzo C, Roperto F, Venuti A. Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in the peripheral blood of cattle with urinary bladder tumours: possible biological role. J Gen Virol. 2008; 89(Pt 12):3027-3033. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.2008/004457-0
12. Williams JH, Van E, Nel PJ, Lane, E, Van E, Bengis R, et al. Pathology and inmunohistochemistry of papillomavirus-associated cutaneous lesions in Cape mountain zebras, giraffe, sable antelope and African buffalo in South Africa. JI S. Afr Vet Ass. 2011; 82(2):7-106. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v82i2.42
13. Martens A, De Moor A, Demeulemeester J, Ducatelle R. Histopathological characteristics of fice clinical types of equine sarcoide. Res Vet Sci. 2000; 69:295-300. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2000.0432
14. Taylor S, Haldorson G. A review of equine sarcoid. Equine Vet. Educ. 2013; 25(4): 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2012.00411.x
15. Bogaert L, Marten A, Kast WM, Van ME, De CoCK H. Bovine papillomavirus DNA can be detected in keratinocytes of sarcoid tumors. Vet Microbiol. 2010. 146(3-4):269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.032
16. Wobecer BK, Hill J, Jackson M, Kidney B, Mayer M, Townsed H, et al. Localization of Bovine papillomavirus in equine sarcoids and inflamamatory skin condition of horses using laser microdissection and two forms of DNA amplification. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012; 24(1):32-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638711425952