Tumor mamario canino: factores de riesgo y su influencia epidemiológica en Manizales-Colombia

Canine mammary gland tumors: risk factors and their epidemiological influence in Manizales-Colombia Canine mammary gland tumors epidemiology

Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia del tumor mamario canino (TMC) en hembras en el municipio de Manizales-Colombia durante 2014-2017. Materiales y métodos. Se consolidó una base de datos de 15961 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron raza, edad, historia reproductiva, condición corporal, tipo de dieta, y caracterización clínica del tumor mediante el sistema de estadificación tumor-nódulo-metástasis (TNM). El análisis estadístico incluyó prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson con corrección de Yates, prueba exacta de Fisher (p<0.05), riesgo relativo, oportunidad relativa (IC95%) y análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados. La incidencia en perros de razas puras fue 79.14%, con un pico promedio a la edad de 9.3 años. La prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, el riesgo relativo y las oportunidades relativas mostraron un riesgo alto para razas puras (p=0.019,3.96/100,1.64, respectivamente). Hembras entre los 9 y 12 años mostraron una probabilidad del 74% de desarrollo de tumor mamario. No se encontró una relación significativa entre la masa corporal o estado reproductivo pero una elevada asociación con la dita casera (p<0.001). Los pares inguinales mamarios fueron los más afectados (6.9%). La estimación de Kaplan-Meier mostró una alta supervivencia para pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente, con 2013 días después del diagnóstico con cirugía en comparación con 1484 días sin cirugía. Conclusiones. El estudio confirma la relevancia de los factores de riesgo: tipo de raza, edad, condición corporal y tipo de dieta en la presentación de tumor mamario. Además, se destaca la necesidad de mejorar e integrar los sistemas de información de diagnóstico veterinario, considerando su importancia en la salud pública.

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